Static Methods in PHP with syntax and examples Inheritance in php

Static methods belong to a class, not instances. They can be called without creating an object.

Syntax:


class ClassName {
  public static function staticMethod() {
    // code
  }
}


Example:


class Math {
  public static function add($a, $b) {
    return $a + $b;
  }
}

echo Math::add(5, 10); // outputs 15


Inheritance in PHP:

Inheritance allows a child class to inherit properties and methods from a parent class.

Syntax:


class ChildClass extends ParentClass {
  // code
}


Example:


class Animal {
  public $name;

  public function __construct($name) {
    $this->name = $name;
  }

  public function sound() {
    echo "The animal makes a sound.";
  }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  public function sound() {
    echo "The dog barks.";
  }
}

$dog = new Dog("Max");
echo $dog->name; // outputs "Max"
$dog->sound(); // outputs "The dog barks."


Static Method Inheritance:

Static methods can be inherited and overridden.

Example:


class Animal {
  public static function sound() {
    echo "The animal makes a sound.";
  }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  public static function sound() {
    echo "The dog barks.";
  }
}

Dog::sound(); // outputs "The dog barks."


Final Methods and Classes:

- final methods cannot be overridden
- final classes cannot be inherited

Example:


class Animal {
  final public function sound() {
    echo "The animal makes a sound.";
  }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  // Cannot override final method
  // public function sound() {}
}


Abstract Classes and Methods:

- abstract classes cannot be instantiated
- abstract methods must be implemented in child classes

Example:


abstract class Animal {
  abstract public function sound();
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  public function sound() {
    echo "The dog barks.";
  }
}


By understanding static methods and inheritance in PHP, you can create robust, reusable code and establish relationships between classes.