Control Structures:

- Control structures determine the flow of a program's execution.
- JavaScript has several control structures:
    - Conditional statements (if/else, switch)
    - Loops (for, while, do-while)
    - Jump statements (break, continue, return)

Conditional Statements:

- If/else statements:
    - if (condition) { code }
    - if (condition) { code } else { code }
    - if (condition) { code } else if (condition) { code } else { code }
- Switch statements:
    - switch (expression) { case value: code; break; default: code; }

Loops:

- For loops:
    - for (initialization; condition; increment) { code }
- While loops:
    - while (condition) { code }
- Do-while loops:
    - do { code } while (condition);

Jump Statements:

- Break statements:
    - break;
- Continue statements:
    - continue;
- Return statements:
    - return value;

Functions:

- Functions are reusable blocks of code.
- Functions take arguments and return values.
- Functions can be declared using the function keyword or arrow function syntax.

Function Syntax:

- Function declaration:
    - function functionName(parameters) { code }
- Arrow function syntax:
    - const functionName = (parameters) => { code };

Examples:

- Conditional statements:


let age = 25;
if (age >= 18) {
    console.log("You are an adult.");
} else {
    console.log("You are a minor.");
}

let day = "Monday";
switch (day) {
    case "Monday":
        console.log("Today is Monday.");
        break;
    case "Tuesday":
        console.log("Today is Tuesday.");
        break;
    default:
        console.log("Today is not Monday or Tuesday.");
}


- Loops:


for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    console.log(i);
}

let i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
    console.log(i);
    i++;
}

let i = 0;
do {
    console.log(i);
    i++;
} while (i < 5);


- Jump statements:


for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    if (i === 3) {
        break;
    }
    console.log(i);
}

for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    if (i === 3) {
        continue;
    }
    console.log(i);
}

function add(a, b) {
    return a + b;
}

console.log(add(2, 3)); // Output: 5


- Functions:


function greet(name) {
    console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
}

greet("John"); // Output: Hello, John!

const add = (a, b) => {
    return a + b;
};

console.log(add(2, 3)); // Output: 5


By mastering control structures and functions, you will be able to write more efficient and effective JavaScript code. Remember to practice and experiment with different examples to solidify your understanding.